For every autónomo in Spain, tax season brings a mix of questions and deadlines. One of the most important is the annual income tax return, known as the Declaración de la Renta or Modelo 100. Filing this modelo correctly is essential, but it can feel like a challenge, especially when you're focused on running your business.
This guide will walk you through the essentials of Modelo 100. We'll cover what it is, who needs to file it and when it's due. We will also explain how to avoid common mistakes and make the process as smooth as possible.
What is Modelo 100?
Modelo 100 is the official form used to file your annual Personal Income Tax (IRPF) in Spain. It summarizes all your income and expenses from the previous calendar year to calculate how much tax you owe or if you are due a refund.
For an autónomo, this includes:
- Income from your freelance activities.
- Deductible business expenses.
- Withholdings (IRPF) you paid through your invoices or quarterly tax modelos (like Modelo 130).
It’s the final step that ties together all the quarterly tax declarations you've made throughout the year.
Who must file Modelo 100?
As a rule, if you are registered as an autónomo in Spain, you must file Modelo 100. This is true even if your income was low or you operated at a loss.
Filing is mandatory for any self-employed individual who has been registered as an autónomo at any point during the tax year. It’s your opportunity to officially declare your earnings and claim all eligible business deductions, which can affect the final amount of tax you pay.
When to file Modelo 100
The tax campaign for the annual income tax return typically opens in early April and runs until the end of June. The specific dates can vary slightly each year, so it’s important to check the official calendar from the Agencia Tributaria (the Spanish Tax Agency).
It’s always a good idea to file well before the final deadline. Leaving it to the last minute can add unnecessary stress and increase the risk of making mistakes.
Common mistakes to avoid
Filing your taxes can be tricky, but knowing what to watch out for makes it much easier. Here are a few common errors to avoid:
- Forgetting Deductible Expenses: Many autónomos miss out on deductions they are entitled to. Make sure you have clear records of all your business-related expenses, such as office supplies, social security contributions and professional services.
- Incorrectly Reporting Income: Double-check that all your income from invoices is accurately reported. Discrepancies between your declaration and what your clients have reported can trigger a review from the tax agency.
- Missing Deadlines: Filing late can result in penalties. Mark the deadline in your calendar and aim to submit your return at least a week or two in advance.
